Substance use Disorders
Substance use Disorders (SUDs) are a group of conditions characterized by the problematic use of one or more substances, including alcohol, drugs, and medications.
What are Substance Use disorders?
Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are a group of conditions characterized by the problematic use of one or more substances, including alcohol, drugs, and medications. SUDs are typically marked by the inability to control or stop substance use despite negative consequences, such as social, occupational, or health problems. The severity of SUDs can range from mild to severe, and they may be diagnosed as substance abuse or substance dependence, depending on the specific criteria met.
Who do Substance Use Disorders affect?
Substance Use Disorders can affect people of all ages, genders, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds. However, some people may be at a higher risk of developing SUDs, such as those who have a family history of addiction, those who have experienced trauma or adverse childhood experiences, those who have mental health disorders, and those who live in environments with easy access to drugs or alcohol.
According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 275 million people worldwide used illicit drugs at least once in 2020, and approximately 35 million people (about the population of Tokyo, Japan) had SUDs. In the United States, an estimated 20 million people (about the population of New York) aged 12 or older had a substance use disorder in 2019.
What are the symptoms of Substance Use Disorders?
The symptoms of Substance Use Disorders can vary depending on the specific substance being used, the severity of the disorder, and individual factors such as genetics and co-occurring mental health conditions. However, some common symptoms of substance use disorders include:
Using the substance in larger amounts or for longer than intended
Being unable to cut down or stop using the substance despite wanting to do so
Spending a significant amount of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of the substance
Experiencing strong cravings or urges to use the substance
Failing to meet obligations at work, school, or home because of substance use
Continuing to use the substance despite it causing interpersonal or social problems
Giving up important activities or hobbies in favor of substance use
Using the substance in physically hazardous situations (e.g., while driving)
Continuing to use the substance despite it causing physical or psychological problems
Developing tolerance to the substance, meaning that higher doses are needed to achieve the desired effects
Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when trying to stop or reduce use of the substance.
These symptoms can indicate a Substance Use Disorder and range from mild to severe. A licensed healthcare provider or addiction specialist can provide a diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment based on an individual's specific symptoms and circumstances.
How are Substance Use Disorders diagnosed?
The diagnosis of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) is typically based on specific criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is a manual used by healthcare professionals to diagnose mental health conditions.
To be diagnosed with an SUD, an individual must meet at least two of the following criteria within a 12-month period:
Taking the substance in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended.
Having a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use.
Spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the effects of the substance.
Craving, or a powerful desire or urge, to use the substance.
Failing to fulfill major obligations at work, school, or home due to repeated substance use.
Continuing to use the substance despite having social or interpersonal problems caused or worsened by its effects.
Giving up important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of substance use.
Using the substance in physically hazardous situations.
Continuing to use the substance despite knowing that it is causing or worsening a physical or psychological problem.
Developing tolerance to the substance (i.e., needing increasing amounts to achieve the desired effect).
Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when substance use is stopped or reduced.
The severity of an SUD is typically classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the number of criteria met. A licensed healthcare provider or addiction specialist can provide a diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment based on an individual's specific symptoms and circumstances.
What are strategies and therapies for overcoming Substance use Disorders?
There are several strategies and treatments available for individuals seeking to overcome substance use disorders (SUDs). The most effective approach varies depending on the individual's specific needs and circumstances. Some of the strategies and treatments for overcoming SUDs include:
Medications: Medications can be used to help manage withdrawal symptoms, reduce cravings, and prevent relapse. Some common medications used to treat SUDs include methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, and acamprosate.
Behavioral therapy: Behavioral therapy can help individuals develop coping strategies and learn how to manage triggers that lead to substance use. Examples of behavioral therapies include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), motivational interviewing (MI), and contingency management (CM).
Support groups: Support groups, such as 12-step programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA), can provide individuals with a sense of community and support from others who have experienced similar struggles.
Holistic approaches: Holistic approaches, such as mindfulness practices, yoga, and acupuncture, can help individuals manage stress and improve overall well-being, which can be important for maintaining sobriety.
Inpatient or outpatient treatment: Depending on the severity of the SUD, inpatient or outpatient treatment may be necessary. Inpatient treatment typically involves a stay at a residential treatment center, while outpatient treatment allows individuals to receive treatment while living at home.
Dual diagnosis treatment: Individuals who have co-occurring mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety, may require dual diagnosis treatment, which addresses both the SUD and the mental health condition simultaneously.
It is important to remember that recovery from an SUD is a long-term process, and relapse is common. Seeking help from a licensed healthcare provider or addiction specialist is the first step in overcoming an SUD.