Somatic Symptom Disorder

What is a Somatic Symptom Disorder?

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or disrupt daily life, along with excessive and persistent thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms. The symptoms may be physical sensations such as pain, fatigue, nausea, or dizziness, and they cannot be fully explained by a medical condition or substance use.

Individuals with SSD often become preoccupied with their symptoms, excessively worry about their health, and may spend a significant amount of time and energy seeking medical care, despite repeated negative evaluations. This preoccupation with physical symptoms and their impact on daily life can cause significant emotional distress, impair social and occupational functioning, and lead to impaired quality of life.

SSD may co-occur with other medical and mental health conditions, and it is important to receive a thorough medical evaluation to rule out underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the symptoms. Treatment for SSD may involve a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based interventions.

Who does Somatic Symptom Disorders affect?

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) can affect people of any age, gender, or cultural background. It is estimated that about 5-7% of individuals in the general population may have SSD.

SSD is more commonly diagnosed in women than men, and it may also occur more frequently in individuals with a history of medical illness, chronic pain, or trauma. People with certain personality traits, such as perfectionism, high anxiety, or a tendency to catastrophize, may also be more susceptible to developing SSD.

SSD can also be present in individuals with other mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and it is common for people with SSD to have a history of childhood trauma or abuse.

It is important to note that individuals with SSD often experience significant emotional distress related to their physical symptoms and may benefit from a comprehensive evaluation and treatment plan that includes both medical and mental health approaches.

What are the symptoms of Somatic Symptom Disorder?

The symptoms of Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) include the presence of one or more physical symptoms that are distressing or disruptive to daily life, along with excessive and persistent thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms. The symptoms may vary widely from person to person, but may include:

• Pain or discomfort, such as headaches, joint pain, or abdominal pain

• Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, bloating, or constipation

• Neurological symptoms, such as dizziness, tingling, or weakness

• Fatigue or weakness

• Sexual symptoms, such as decreased libido or sexual dysfunction

• Respiratory symptoms, such as shortness of breath or chest pain

• Cardiovascular symptoms, such as rapid heartbeat or palpitations

• Skin symptoms, such as rashes or itching

• Urinary symptoms, such as painful or frequent urination

• Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia or hypersomnia

Individuals with SSD may become preoccupied with their physical symptoms and may spend a significant amount of time and energy seeking medical care, despite repeated negative evaluations. They may also experience significant emotional distress related to their symptoms, which can impair social and occupational functioning and lead to impaired quality of life. It is important to note that the symptoms of SSD cannot be fully explained by a medical condition or substance use.

How is a Somatic Symptom Disorder diagnosed?

The diagnostic criteria for Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) are outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). To be diagnosed with SSD, a person must experience one or more physical symptoms that are distressing or disruptive to daily life, along with excessive and persistent thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms.

In addition, the following criteria must be met:

• The individual has experienced one or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or disruptive to daily life for at least six months.

• The individual's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms are disproportionate or excessive.

• The individual experiences persistent and excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms, as evidenced by one or more of the following:

• Disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of the symptoms. b. Persistently elevated levels of anxiety related to the symptoms. c. Excessive time and energy spent on the symptoms or health concerns. d. A persistent and unreasonable belief that the symptoms are not adequately diagnosed or treated.

• The somatic symptoms are not fully explained by a medical condition or substance use and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder.

• The somatic symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.

It is important to note that a thorough medical evaluation is necessary to rule out underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the symptoms before making a diagnosis of SSD.

What are strategies and therapies for overcoming a Somatic Symptom Disorder?

The treatment of Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) typically involves a combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based interventions. The primary goal of treatment is to reduce distress related to somatic symptoms and improve overall functioning.

Here are some strategies and treatments that may be used to help overcome SSD:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT can help individuals with SSD identify and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs related to their symptoms and develop more adaptive coping strategies. CBT may also include exposure therapy to help individuals gradually confront and overcome their fear of physical symptoms.

• Mindfulness-based interventions: Mindfulness-based interventions, such as mindfulness meditation, may help individuals with SSD learn to observe and accept physical sensations without becoming overwhelmed by them.

• Pharmacotherapy: Medications may be prescribed to help alleviate specific symptoms associated with SSD, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications.

• Education: Education about the nature of SSD, its causes, and its treatment can help individuals develop a better understanding of their condition and reduce their anxiety related to their symptoms.

• Physical therapy: Physical therapy and other forms of exercise may be beneficial for individuals with SSD who experience chronic pain or other physical symptoms.

• Relaxation techniques: Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, or yoga may help reduce anxiety and improve overall well-being.

• Support groups: Joining a support group for individuals with SSD may provide a supportive environment where individuals can share their experiences and learn from others who are going through similar challenges.

It is important to note that treatment for SSD is often individualized and may involve a combination of these strategies. A comprehensive evaluation by a mental health professional is recommended to determine the best course of treatment for each person.

This content is provided for informational and entertainment value only. It is not a replacement for a trained professional's diagnosis or for the treatment of any illness. If you feel like you are struggling with this condition, it is important to seek help from a mental health professional. With the right treatment and support, individuals with this condition can learn to manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives. BetterPsych provides full psychological services via telehealth and offers a 100% satisfaction guarantee on our services. For more information and to find a therapist specializing in this disorder, please call (833) 496-5011, or visit https://www.betterpsych.com.